Steel
- an alloy of iron and carbon
- high elastic modulus, yield strength, fracture strength
- carbon content of steel is between 0.02% and 2.14% by weight
The ductility and elongation of the pure iron state decrease upon the addition of carbon
Cast Iron
- higher than 2.1% carbon content are known as cast iron
- Cast iron is not malleable even when hot
- can be formed by casting as it has a lower melting point than steel
Wrought iron
- iron alloy with a very low carbon content (less than 0.05%)
Carbon Steel (mild steel)
- carbon content from about 0.05 up to 2.1 percent by weight.
Mild Steel
- contains approximately 0.05–0.30% carbon
- most common form of steel because its price is relatively low while it provides material properties that are acceptable for many applications
- making it malleable and ductile
- relatively low tensile strength, but it is cheap and easy to form
- surface hardness can be increased with carburization
- the density of mild steel is approximately 7.85 g/cm3 (7,850 kg/m3; 0.284 lb/cu in)
- the Young's modulus is 200 GPa (29×106 psi)
Stainless steels
- typically contain 18% chromium
- exhibit improved corrosion and oxidation resistance
Alloys
Common alloying elements include:
- manganese
- nickel
- chromium
- molybdenum
- boron
- titanium
- vanadium
- tungsten
- cobalt
- niobium
Additional elements, most frequently considered undesirable:
- phosphorus
- sulphur
- silicon
- traces of oxygen, nitrogen, and copper
Citations
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel